Ko te raima whakakaha muka rino (SFRC) he momo rauemi hiato hou ka taea te riringi me te rehu mā te tāpiri i te nui o te muka rino poto ki roto i te raima noa. Kua tere te whanaketanga i roto i te kāinga me tāwāhi i ngā tau tata nei. Ka wikitoria i ngā ngoikoretanga o te kaha kume iti, te roa iti me te āhua pakarukaru o te raima. He āhuatanga pai rawa atu pērā i te kaha kume, te ātete piko, te ātete kutikuti, te ātete pakaru, te ātete ngenge me te pakari teitei. Kua whakamahia i roto i te hangarau waipēhi, te rori me te piriti, te hanga me ētahi atu mara hangarau.

 

一？Te whakawhanaketanga o te raima whakakaha muka maitai

 

Ko te raima whakakaha muka (FRC) te whakarāpopototanga o te raima whakakaha muka. He mea hanga ki te sima te nuinga o te wā, he mea hanga mai i te whakapiri sima, te moata, te raima rānei me te muka whakarewa, te muka kore-waro, ngā rauemi whakakaha muka waro rānei. He rauemi hanga hou tēnei i hangaia mā te horapa ōrite o ngā muka poto me ngā muka pai me te kaha kume teitei, te roa mutunga teitei me te ātete kawakore teitei i roto i te anga raima. Ka taea e te muka i roto i te raima te whakawhāiti i te putanga mai o ngā kapiti wawe i roto i te raima me te whakawhānui ake i ngā kapiti i raro i te mahi a te kaha o waho, ka taea te wikitoria i ngā hapa ā-roto pēnei i te kaha kume iti, te ngawari o te pakaru me te ātete ngoikore o te ngenge o te raima, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i te mahi o te ātete-wai, te ātete-wai, te ātete-huka me te tiaki whakakaha o te raima. Ko te raima whakakaha muka, inā koa ko te raima whakakaha muka rino, kua nui ake te aro o ngā porowhita mātauranga me te miihini i roto i te miihini mahi nā tōna mahi pai ake. 1907 I tīmata te tohunga Soviet a B П. Hekpocab ki te whakamahi i te raima whakakaha muka rino; I te tau 1910, i whakaputa a HF Porter i tētahi pūrongo rangahau mō te raima whakakaha muka poto, e kī ana me horapa ōrite ngā muka rino poto i roto i te raima hei whakakaha i ngā rauemi anga; I te tau 1911, i tāpirihia e Graham o te Hononga o Amerika te muka rino ki roto i te raima noa hei whakapai ake i te kaha me te pumau o te raima; I te tekau tau atu i 1940, kua nui ngā rangahau a te Hononga o Amerika, Peretānia, Wīwī, Tiamana, Hapani me ētahi atu whenua mō te whakamahi i te muka rino hei whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu me te ātete pakaru o te raima, te hangarau hanga o te muka rino te raima, me te whakapai ake i te āhua o te muka rino hei whakapai ake i te kaha here i waenga i te muka me te anga raima; I te tau 1963, i whakaputa a JP romualdi rāua ko GB Batson i tētahi pepa mō te tikanga whanaketanga pakaru o te muka rino kua herea te raima, ā, i whakatakoto i te whakatau ko te kaha pakaru o te muka rino te mea e whakatauhia ana e te mokowā toharite o ngā muka rino e whai wāhi nui ana ki te ahotea kume (ariā mokowā muka), nō reira ka tīmata te wāhanga whanaketanga mahi o tēnei rauemi hiato hou. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, me te rongonuitanga me te tono o te muka rino te raima, nā te rerekētanga o te tohatoha o ngā muka i roto i te raima, e whā ngā momo matua: te muka rino te raima, te muka rino te raima ranu, te muka rino paparanga me te muka ranu paparanga.

 

二.Te tikanga whakapakari o te raima whakakaha muka maitai

 

1. Ariā miihini hiato. Ko te ariā o te miihini hiato e ahu mai ana i te ariā o ngā hiato muka tonu, ā, e honoa ana ki ngā āhuatanga tohatoha o ngā muka maitai i roto i te raima. I roto i tēnei ariā, e kiia ana ngā hiato he hiato rua-wāhanga me te muka hei wāhanga kotahi me te matihiko hei wāhanga kē atu.

 

Ariā mokowā muka. Ko te ariā mokowā muka, e mōhiotia ana ko te ariā ātete pakaru, e whakaarohia ana i runga i te tikanga pakaru rauropi rārangi. E kī ana tēnei ariā ko te pānga whakapakari o ngā muka e pā ana ki te mokowā muka kua tohatohahia ōrite (mokowā iti rawa).

 

三？Te tātari i te tūnga whanaketanga o te raima whakakaha muka maitai

 

1.Raima whakakaha muka rino.Ko te raima whakakaha muka rino he momo raima whakakaha ōrite, he maha ngā ahunga, he mea hanga mā te tāpiri i tētahi iti o te maitai waro iti, te maitai kore waikura me ngā muka FRP ki roto i te raima noa. Ko te nui o te muka rino e whakaranua ana i te nuinga o te wā ko te 1% ~ 2% te rōrahi, ā, ko te 70 ~ 100kg muka rino e whakaranua ana ki ia mita pūtoru o te raima mā te taumaha. Ko te roa o te muka rino me 25 ~ 60mm, ko te whānui me 0.25 ~ 1.25mm, ā, ko te ōwehenga pai rawa atu o te roa ki te whānui me 50 ~ 700. Ki te whakatauritea ki te raima noa, ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te kume, te kutikuti, te piko, te kakahu me te pakaru, engari ka tino whakarei ake i te pakari o te pakaru me te ātete ki te pānga o te raima, me te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te ngenge me te roa o te hanganga, inā koa ka taea te whakanui ake i te pakari mā te 10 ~ 20 ngā wā. Ka whakaritea ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te raima whakakaha muka rino me te raima noa ki Haina. Ina 15% ~ 20% te nui o te muka maitai, ā, 0.45 te ōwehenga sima wai, ka piki ake te kaha kume mā te 50% ~ 70%, ka piki ake te kaha piko mā te 120% ~ 180%, ka piki ake te kaha pānga mā te 10 ~ 20 ngā wā, ka piki ake te kaha ngenge pānga mā te 15 ~ 20 ngā wā, ka piki ake te pakari piko mā te 14 ~ 20 ngā wā, ā, ka tino pai ake hoki te ātete kakahu. Nō reira, he pai ake ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini o te muka maitai i te raima noa.

2. Rakau muka ranu. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga rangahau e tika ana, kāore te muka rino e whakatairanga nui i te kaha pēhi o te raima, e whakaiti rānei i tōna kaha; ki te whakataurite ki te raima noa, he pai, he kino (te piki me te heke) he tirohanga waenga rānei mō te ātete ki te wai, te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te pānga me te kakahu o te muka rino, me te ārai i te mimiti wawe o te kirihou o te raima. Hei tāpiri, he raruraru kei te muka rino, pērā i te nui o te horopeta, te utu nui, te waikura me te kore rawa o te ātete ki te pahūtanga i puta mai i te ahi, kua pā ki tana tono ki ngā taumata rerekē. I ngā tau tata nei, ka tīmata ētahi tohunga o roto me tāwāhi ki te aro ki te muka ranu raima (HFRC), me te ngana ki te whakaranu i ngā muka he rerekē ngā āhuatanga me ngā painga, te ako tetahi i tetahi, me te whakamahi i te "pānga ranu pai" i ngā taumata rerekē me ngā wāhanga uta hei whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te raima, kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā kaupapa rerekē. Heoi, mō ōna āhuatanga miihini rerekē, inā koa ko tōna whakarerekētanga ngenge me te kino ngenge, te ture whanaketanga whakarerekētanga me ngā āhuatanga kino i raro i ngā kawenga pūmau me te hihiri me ngā kawenga huringa whānui pumau, whānui rerekē rānei, te nui o te ranunga pai me te ōwehenga ranunga o te muka, te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā wāhanga o ngā rauemi hiato, te pānga whakapakari me te tikanga whakapakari, te mahi ārai ngenge, te tikanga rahunga me te hangarau hanga, me ako anō i ngā raruraru o te hoahoa ōwehenga ranunga.

3. He paparanga muka rino he raima whakapakari.Kāore i te ngāwari te whakaranu i te raima whakakaha muka monolithic kia ōrite te rahi, he ngāwari te whakakotahi i te muka, he nui te rahinga o te muka, ā, he nui te utu, ka pā ki tōna whakamahinga whānui. Nā te maha o ngā mahi hangarau me ngā rangahau ariā, ka whakaarohia he momo hanganga muka maitai hou, arā, te raima whakakaha muka maitai paparanga (LSFRC). Ka tohatohahia he iti noa te muka maitai ki runga, ki raro hoki i te papa rori, ā, ko waenganui he paparanga raima noa tonu. Ko te muka maitai i roto i te LSFRC ka tohatohahia ā-ringa, ā-mīhini rānei. He roa te muka maitai, ā, ko te ōwehenga roa kei waenganui i te 70 ~ 120, e whakaatu ana i te tohatoha rua-ahu. Me te kore e pā ki ngā āhuatanga miihini, ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia e tēnei rauemi te nui o te muka maitai, engari ka karohia hoki te āhuatanga o te whakakotahitanga muka i roto i te whakaranu i te raima whakakaha muka whakauru. Hei tāpiri, he nui te pānga o te tūranga o te paparanga muka maitai i roto i te raima ki te kaha piko o te raima. Ko te pānga whakakaha o te paparanga muka maitai i raro i te raima te mea pai rawa atu. I te neke haere o te tūranga o te paparanga muka maitai ki runga, ka tino heke te pānga whakakaha. Ko te kaha piko o te LSFRC he nui ake i te 35% i te raima noa me te ōwehenga ranunga ōrite, he iti iho i te raima whakakaha muka maitai whakauru. Heoi, ka taea e te LSFRC te penapena i te nui o te utu rauemi, ā, kāore he raruraru o te whakaranu uaua. Nō reira, he rauemi hou te LSFRC he pai ngā painga pāpori me te ōhanga me ngā tūmanako whānui mō te tono, he mea tika kia rongonuihia me te whakamahia i roto i te hanganga papa.

 

4.Rakau muka ranu paparanga.Ko te raima whakakaha muka ranu paparanga (LHFRC) he rauemi hiato i hangaia mā te tāpiri i te muka polypropylene 0.1% i runga i te LSFRC me te tohatoha ōrite i te maha o ngā muka polypropylene pai me ngā muka polypropylene poto me te kaha kume teitei me te roa mutunga teitei i roto i te raima muka maitai o runga me raro me te raima papatahi i te paparanga waenga. Ka taea e ia te wikitoria i te ngoikore o te paparanga raima papatahi waenga LSFRC me te ārai i ngā tūponotanga haumaru pea i muri i te pakaru o te muka maitai mata. Ka taea e te LHFRC te whakarei ake i te kaha piko o te raima. Ki te whakatauritea ki te raima papatahi, ka piki ake tōna kaha piko o te raima papatahi mā te 20% pea, ā, ki te whakatauritea ki te LSFRC, ka piki ake tōna kaha piko mā te 2.6%, engari he iti noa te pānga ki te modulus elasticity piko o te raima. Ko te modulus elasticity piko o te LHFRC he 1.3% teitei ake i te raima papatahi, ā, he 0.3% iti iho i te LSFRC. Ka taea hoki e te LHFRC te whakarei ake i te pakari piko o te raima, ā, ko tōna taupū pakari piko e 8 ngā wā i te raima noa, ā, 1.3 ngā wā i te LSFRC. Heoi anō, nā te rerekētanga o te mahi a ngā muka e rua, neke atu rānei i roto i te LHFRC i roto i te raima, e ai ki ngā hiahia hangarau, ka taea te whakamahi i te pānga pai o te muka hangai me te muka maitai i roto i te raima hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari, te roa, te pakari, te kaha o te pakaru, te kaha piko me te kaha kume o te rauemi, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te rauemi, me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te rauemi.

——He waahanga poto (Shanxi architecture, Vol. 38, No. 11, Chen Huiqing)